LEGGUGUE ko'chatlarini engish uchun ko'plab tijorat kultivatorlaridan o'sish regulyatorlaridan foydalanadilar.Biroq, ko'chatning qattiqligi, oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi va o'sish regulyatori yordamida atrof-muhitning ifloslanishi xavfi mavjud.

It can formulate appropriate spectrum according to the growth and development needs of seedlings in the environment of plant factories, and accurately control the physiological and metabolic process of seedlings, at the same time, contributing to pollution-free, standardized and rapid production of vegetable seedlings va fide tsiklni qisqartiradi.Compared with the conventional seedling cultivation method in the greenhouse, the use of the LED plant factory seedling cultivation method significantly shortened the cucumber growth cycle by 15-30 days, and the number of female flowers and fruit per plant increased by 33.8% and 37.3% Bunda va eng yuqori hosil 71,44% ga o'sdi.

However, if the electricity required per kilogram of lettuce dry matter is calculated, the plant factory needs 247 kW·h to produce 1 kg dry weight of lettuce, and the greenhouses in Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United Arab Emirates require 182 kW· h, 70 kv va 111 kvi HISS.

At the same time, in the plant factory, the use of computers, automatic equipment, artificial intelligence and other technologies can accurately control the environmental conditions suitable for the seedling cultivation, get rid of the limitations of natural environment conditions, and realize the intelligent, Ko'chma ishlab chiqarishning mexanizatsiyalashgan va yillik barqaror ishlab chiqarish.

1. Sabzavot ko'chatlarini o'sish va rivojlantirish bo'yicha engil muhitning ta'siri

Currently known plant photoreceptors include at least three classes: phytochromes (PHYA~PHYE) that sense red and far-red light (FR), cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) that sense blue and ultraviolet A, and Elements (Phot1 and Phot2), the UV-B retseptorlari UVR8 UV-B retseptorlari.

2. LED Atrof-muhitning sabzavot ko'chatlarini fotoromfologik yo'lga ta'siri

2.1 Sabzavot ko'chatlari fotorfogenezi bo'yicha turli xil engil sifatning ta'siri

Ammo toza qizil chiroqning uzoq muddatli ta'siri "qizil chiroq sindromi" ning uzoq muddatli ta'siri "qizil chiroq sindromi" ga zarar etkazadi, chunki bo'yalgan stomatologik sig'im va azot samaradorligi va o'sish sur'ati kamayadi.Kam yorug'likning pastligi (100 ± 5 mkmol / (m2)), sof qizil chiroq, bu toza qizil chiroqning xloroplastiklari zarar ko'rishi mumkin Qizil va ko'k chiroqqa (r: b = 7: 3).Aksincha, bodringli o'simliklar qizil-ko'k rangdan toza qizil yorug'lik muhitiga almashtirilganda, fotosintetik samaradorlikni sezilarli darajada kamaytirmadi, qizil yorug'lik muhitiga mos kelmadi."Qizil chiroq sindromi" bilan eksklyuzionlarning bargli tuzilishining elektron mikroskopi anketasi va grankalarning qalinligi ostida granulalarning o'lchami va granananing qalinligi ostida bo'lganlar soni pastroq deb topildi white light treatment.Ko'k chiroqning aralashishi ultratovushni va bodring xloroplastik xususiyatlarini yaxshilaydi va ortiqcha ozuqa moddalarining ortiqcha to'planishini yo'q qiladi.Oq yoritilgan va qizil va ko'k chiroq bilan taqqoslaganda, gimidotil uzaytirilishi va pomidorning pomidorlari kengayishi, o'simlik balandligi va bargli sig'imini sezilarli darajada oshirdi, ammo fotoskopiya miqdori va fotchik samaradorlikni sezilarli darajada oshirdi.Ko'rinib turibdiki, turli xil o'simlik turlari bir xil yorug'likka xilma-xil javob beradi, ammo monoxromatik nur bilan solishtirganda o'simliklar yuqori fotosintez samaradorligi va aralash nurning atrof-muhitida yanada kuchayadi.

Tadqiqotchilar sabzavot ko'chatlarining engil sifatli kombinatsiyasini optimallashtirish bo'yicha juda ko'p tadqiqotlar o'tkazishdi.Shunga o'xshash naqshlar boshqa ekinlarda, masalan, qalampir va tarvuz kabi kuzatiladi.In addition, compared with white light, red and blue light (R:B=3:1) not only significantly improved the leaf thickness, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency and electron transfer efficiency of tomato seedlings, but also the expression levels of enzymes related Kalvin tsikliga, vegetarianlar va uglevodlar to'planishi ham sezilarli darajada yaxshilandi.Therefore, in the production of seedlings, an appropriate increase in the proportion of blue light can significantly shorten the node spacing and leaf area of ​​vegetable seedlings, promote the lateral extension of seedlings, and improve the seedling strength index, which is conducive to kuchli ko'chatlarni etishtirish.Tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, past daraja loyqa o'simliklarning oldini olish, natijada o'simliklarning morfologik o'zgarishlariga olib keladi, masalan, shishirish, barg ingichkasi va quruq moddalar hosildorligi kamayadi.Umumiy bargli va mevali sabzavot ko'chatlari, firma, ixcham va elastik ko'chatlar tashish va ekish paytida muammolarga moyil emas.

UV-B da inhangeril inhiberiy ta'sirga ega va ko'chirib o'tkazilgandan keyin hosildorlikni kamaytirish effekti bunga ahamiyat bermaydi.Oldingi tadqiqotlar UB-Din o'simlik o'sishini inhibe qiladi va zavodlar mittilarni mitti hosil qiladi.Ammo u UV-A ning ekinlari biomassasini bostirish o'rniga, uni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.Ko'rinib turibdiki, turli xil ekinlar UB yorug'lik sezgirligi bilan bog'liq bo'lishi mumkin.

Payflangan ko'chatlarni etishtirish uchun, ildiz otishni osonlashtirish uchun poyakaning uzunligi munosib ravishda ko'payishi kerak.Frning turli intensivlari pomidor, qalampir, bodring, gurdo va tarvuz ko'chatlari o'sishiga turli xil ta'sir ko'rsatdi.34,1 mkmol / (m2) / (m2 • s) gipokotil uzunligi va bodring, gurder va tarvuz ko'chatlarining poyasida eng yaxshi ta'sir ko'rsatdi;Yuqori intensivlik fr (53,4 mkmol / (m2))) ushbu besh sabzavotga eng yaxshi ta'sir ko'rsatdi.Uy ko'chatlarining gipokotil uzunligi va pastki diametri endi sezilarli darajada oshmadi va pastga tushishni boshladi.Turli xil sabzavot ko'chatlarining o'sishiga ta'sir boshqacha.

2.2 Turli kunliklarning o'simlik ko'chatlari fotoorfogenezeziysi bo'yicha ta'siri

Dli intensivligi 7,47 dan / m2 gacha oshganda, kuniga 11.26 mol / m2 dan / kunga, Bodring ko'chatlarida eriydigan shakar va 55,5% ga ko'paydi.Xuddi shu DLI sharoitida yorug'lik intensivligi va yorug'lik vaqtining qisqarishi natijasida pomidor va bodring ko'chatlari faolligi inhibezının, past yorug'likning pastligi va uzoq davom etadigan engil yorug'lik strategiyasi yuqori fide etishtirish uchun ko'proq ta'sir ko'rsatdi index and photochemical efficiency of cucumber and tomato seedlings.

O'simlik fabrikalarida, 2,5-7,5 ta M2 M2 / M2 / kun / kun / kun - pomidor payvandlangan ko'chatlarini davolash uchun etarli edi.Dli intensivligi oshib borayotgan pomidor ko'chatlarining siqilishi va barglari qalinligi sezilarli darajada oshdi.Bu payvandlangan ko'chatlar shifobaxsh uchun yuqori yorug'lik intensivligini talab qilmasligini ko'rsatadi.

3. Sabzavot ko'chatlarining stressga chidamliligi bo'yicha LED muhitining ta'siri

Turli xil engil sifatli ko'chatlarning sovuq bardoshli va tuz bag'rikengligini oshirishga alohida ta'sir ko'rsatadi.For example, when tomato seedlings were supplemented with light for 4 hours at night, compared with the treatment without supplemental light, white light, red light, blue light, and red and blue light could reduce the electrolyte permeability and MDA content of tomato seedlings, va sovuq bag'rikenglikni yaxshilang.

The effect of UV-B on soybean root growth is mainly to improve plant stress resistance by increasing the content of root NO and ROS, including hormone signaling molecules such as ABA, SA, and JA, and inhibit root development by reducing the content of IAA , CTK va GA.UV-B, UVR8 fotorector nafaqat fotorfogenezni tartibga solishda, balki Uv-B stressida muhim rol o'ynaydi.However, the adaptation of UV-B to drought stress induced by Arabidopsis does not depend on the UVR8 pathway, which indicates that UV-B acts as a signal-induced cross-response of plant defense mechanisms, so that a variety of hormones are jointly Qurg'oqchilik stipendiyasiga qarshi turish bilan shug'ullangan, yoğınering qobiliyatini oshirish.

Eksperimentchilar 8 kun davomida 5 ° C gacha sovutishdan 18 ° C gacha sovutishganidan 18 kun oldin, Fruzi, arpa ko'chatlarining sovuqqa chidamliligini oshirdi.15 ° C fr-arpa ko'chatlarini 5 ° C gacha va 7 kun davomida qo'shimcha natijalarga erishishda davom ettirildi.Turli xil O'g'rilar: fr qiymatlari o'simlikning tuz bag'rikengiga tegishli bo'lgan fitoxormatlar (GA, IAA, CTK va ABA) fitoxorbalarining biosintezini nazorat qiladi.Tuz stressida, R: Fr Engil muhiti pomidor ko'chatlarini va ko'chatlarda mdan ishlab chiqarishni yaxshilaydi va tuz bag'rikengligini oshiradi.Sho'rlik stress va past r: Frning narxi (R: Fr = 0.8) xlorofilyatsiya sintezi yo'lida, past R: Fr Atrof-muhit engillashtirishi mumkin the salinity Stress-induced impairment of chlorophyll synthesis.Ushbu natijalar fitoxromlar va tuz bag'rikengligi o'rtasidagi muhim bog'liqlikni ko'rsatadi.

Masalan, CO2 kontsentratsiyasining ko'payishi engil qiymatni (PNMAX) ko'payadi, engil kompensatsiya nuqtasini kamaytiradi va engil foydalanish samaradorligini oshiradi.Engil intensivlik va CO2 kontsentratsiyasining ko'payishi fotokinetik pigmentlar, suvdan foydalanish samaradorligi va kalvin tsiklining fermentlari tarkibini yaxshilashga yordam beradi va oxir oqibat yuqori fazilatlarning samaradorligi va pomidor ko'chatlarini yig'ish.Pomidor va qalampir ko'chatlarining quruq vazni va kompaktligi dli bilan ijobiy ta'sir ko'rsatdi va haroratning o'zgarishi bir xil dli davolashda o'sishiga ta'sir qildi.Harorat va engil sharoitlarga ko'ra, tadqiqotchilar BATEni tarqatish modeliga asoslangan, qalampirni ekish ishlab chiqarishni payvand qilish uchun chuqur rahbarlikni ta'minlash uchun qalampirning nisbiy o'sish sur'atini bashorat qilish usulini ishlab chiqdilar.

O'simlik fabrikalarining energiya sarfi o'simlik fabrikalarining rivojlanishini cheklash hali ham instrumleneck.

Mualliflar: Jiehui Tan, Hucheng Liu
Maqolalar manbai: SHARQCHA MA'LUMOT texnologiyasi (issiqxona bog'dorchilik)